Pyridoxine

Pyridoxine, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects or complications of isoniazid use, and certain types of mushroom poisoning.[4] It is used by mouth or by injection.[4]

Pyridoxine
Pyridoxin.svg
Pyridoxine ball-and-stick.png
Pyridoxine
Clinical data
Other namesvitamin B6, pyridoxol[1] pyridoxine hydrochloride
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
  • US DailyMed: Pyridoxine
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: Exempt[2]
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous
ATC code
  • A11HA02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: P (Pharmacy medicines) [3]
  • US: OTC / Rx-only
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol
CAS Number
  • 65-23-6
DrugBank
  • DB00165
ChemSpider
  • 1025
UNII
  • KV2JZ1BI6Z
KEGG
  • D08454
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:16709
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1364
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID4023541 Edit this at Wikidata
ECHA InfoCard100.000.548 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H11NO3
Molar mass169.180 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
Melting point159 to 162 °C (318 to 324 °F)
SMILES
  • OCc1cnc(C)c(O)c1CO
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,10-12H,3-4H2,1H3 check
  • Key:LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

It is usually well tolerated.[4] Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness.[4] Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[4] Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins.[4] It is required by the body to metabolise amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.[4] Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain.[5]

Medical usesEdit

As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects of isoniazid treatment and certain types of mushroom poisoning.[4] Isoniazid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Common side effect include numbness in the hands and feet.[6] Co-treatment with vitamin B6 alleviates the numbness.[7] Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications.[8]

Pyridoxine in combination with doxylamine is used as a treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women.[9]

Side effectsEdit

It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible.[4] Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness.[4] Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration.[10] Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1 - 21.7 ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[4]

MechanismEdit

Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins.[4] It is required by the body to make amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.[4] Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain.[5] It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism.

HistoryEdit

Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939.[11][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] Pyridoxine is available both as a generic medication and over the counter product.[4] Foods, such as breakfast cereal have pyridoxine added in some countries. 


This article uses material from the Wikipedia article
 Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the 
Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.